Sol, so, or G is the fifth note of the fixed-do solfège starting on C. As such it is the dominant, a perfect fifth above C or perfect fourth below C.

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When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of middle G (G₄) note is approximately 391.995 Hz. See pitch for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.

It has enharmonic equivalents of F (a diatonic semitone below G♯) and A (a diatonic semitone above G♭).

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Designation by octave[edit]

Scientific designation	Helmholtz designation	Octave name	Frequency (Hz)
G₋₁	G͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵G or GGGG	Subsubcontra	12.25
G₀	G͵͵ or ͵͵G or GGG	Subcontra	24.5
G₁	G͵ or ͵G or GG	Contra	48.999
G₂	G	Great	97.999
G₃	g	Small	195.998
G₄	g′	One-lined	391.995
G₅	g′′	Two-lined	783.991
G₆	g′′′	Three-lined	1567.982
G₇	g′′′′	Four-lined	3135.963
G₈	g′′′′′	Five-lined	6271.927
G₉	g′′′′′′	Six-lined	12543.854
G₁₀	g′′′′′′′	Seven-lined	25087.708

Scales[edit]

Common scales beginning on G[edit]

G Major: G A B C D E F♯ G
G Natural Minor: G A B♭ C D E♭ F G
G Harmonic Minor: G A B♭ C D E♭ F♯ G
G Melodic Minor Ascending: G A B♭ C D E F♯ G
G Melodic Minor Descending: G F E♭ D C B♭ A G

Diatonic scales[edit]

G Ionian: G A B C D E F♯ G
G Dorian: G A B♭ C D E F G
G Phrygian: G A♭ B♭ C D E♭ F G
G Lydian: G A B C♯ D E F♯ G
G Mixolydian: G A B C D E F G
G Aeolian: G A B♭ C D E♭ F G
G Locrian: G A♭ B♭ C D♭ E♭ F G

Jazz melodic minor[edit]

G Ascending Melodic Minor: G A B♭ C D E F♯ G
G Dorian ♭2: G A♭ B♭ C D E F G
G Lydian Augmented: G A B C♯ D♯ E F♯ G
G Lydian Dominant: G A B C♯ D E F G
G Mixolydian ♭6: G A B C D E♭ F G
G Locrian ♮2: G A B♭ C D♭ E♭ F G
G Altered: G A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ F G

Staff, Clef, and Name of Music Notes

The name of each music note is determined by its place on the staff…

…and the music clef placed at the beginning of this staff.

Seven Notes of Music and Two Systems to Name Them

There are seven notes of music and two different systems to name the music notes: A B C D E F G and DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI.

The Syllabic Musical Notation: DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI (TI)

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The origin of the syllabic notation is due to the Italian monk Guido of Arezzo (XIth century) who used the first syllables of a Latin hymn to name the music notes and is regarded as the inventor of the modern musical notation:

DO (or UT) – RE – MI – FA – SOL – LA – SI (TI)

The Alphabetical Musical Notation: A B/H C D E F G

Mainly used in Anglo Saxon countries (and so in jazz), it uses the letters of the alphabet:

A – B – C – D – E – F – G

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The German Alphabetical Music Notes Notation

The German music notation uses a H and not a B (SI/TI in syllabic notation):

A – H – C – D – E – F – G

Music Notation and Countries

Syllabic musical notation is used by Italian, Portuguese, Greek, French, Russian, Flemish, Romanian, Spanish, Hebrew and Turkish people.

Alphabetical musical notation is used by Anglophone countries.

German Alphabetical notation is used in Germany, Poland, Russia, Scandinavia.

Correspondence Between the Name of Music Notes

Syllabic	Alpha betical	German
Do	C	C
Re	D	D
Mi	E	E
Fa	F	F
Sol	G	G
La	A	A
Si	B	H

Music Notes and Music Theory

Music Staff (or Stave)

Clefs – Treble, Bass, Alto, Tenor

7 Note Values (Whole Note, Half Note, Quarter Note…)